Characteristics of Kingdom Monera | Free Biology Notes

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4 weeks ago

June 2, 2025

In this article we will discuss about characteristics of kingdom monera

Characteristics of Kingdom Monera

Most Monera are single-celled organisms, like bacteria and archaea.
Members of the Kingdom Monera can be found almost anywhere. They also live in harsh environments such as hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep seas.
Their body structure is very simple, but they are complex in behavior and show metabolic diversity.
The bacterial cell reveals three layers: capsule, cell wall, and cytoplasm.
A thick layer of glycocalyx bound tightly to the cell wall is called a capsule, and this cell wall protects from desiccation and antibiotics.
The cell wall is made up of non-cellulosic material called peptidoglycan.
Genetic material is naked DNA, known as nucleoid.
Histones, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin are absent.
All membrane-bound organelles are absent.
Contains 70s type of ribosomes
Since mitochondria are absent, respiratory enzymes are associated with the plasma membrane.
Some bacteria have extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are called Plasmids.
Some Monera are autotrophs, producing their food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, while others are heterotrophs, relying on organic matter for nutrition.
They reproduce asexually through binary fission, where a cell divides into two identical cells, ensuring rapid population growth.