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    Frog Urogenital System Short Notes | Free Biology Notes

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    In this article we will discuss about the frog urogenital system

    Frog Urogenital System

    • The urinary and reproductive systems are linked and collectively referred to urinogenital system
    • The frog Urogenital system responsible for urine excretion and reproduction
    • Frogs are ureotelic animals because urea is their main excretory product
    • Frogs have separate sexes, so they are dioecious
    • Male and female frogs can only be distinguished externally during the breeding season
    • Males developing a copulatory or nuptial pad on their first forelimb digit
    • Males also have vocal sacs
    • Male and female frogs have the same excretory system, but their reproductive structures are different

    Male Frog Urogenital System

    Kidney

    • Both kidneys are elongated, compact, flattened, and dark red
    • Each kidney consists of many functional and structural units called nephrons or uriniferous tubules
    • Tadpole kidneys are pronephros, whereas adult kidneys are mesonephros

    Urinary bladder

    • It is a large, thin walled and bilobed structure
    • Present ventral to the rectum. It stores urine

    Ureter

    • Ureter or the urinogenital duct occur in pairs
    • The ureters opens into cloaca and helps in passing the urine and sperm

    Testis

    • The testis are attached to kidneys by mesorchium
    • Testis is composed of a large number of seminiferous tubules
    • The wall of seminiferous tubules is made up of germinal epithelium, which forms sperms by spermatogenesis

    Vasa efferentia

    • Emerges from the testis and are 10-12 in number
    • They pass through mesorchium and entering the kidney and opening into the bidders canal
    • Collecting tubules of the kidney and the bidders canal communicates with the ureter

    Cloaca

    • Small chamber mediating to pass urine, faeces and sperms to the outside
    • The ureter and urinary bladder opens into the cloaca

    Female Frog Urogenital System

    Kidney

    • Both kidneys are elongated, compact, flattened, and dark red
    • Each kidney consists of many functional and structural units called nephrons or uriniferous tubules
    • Tadpole kidneys are pronephros, whereas adult kidneys are mesonephros

    Urinary bladder

    • It is a large, thin walled and bilobed structure
    • Present ventral to the rectum. It stores urine

    Ureter

    • Ureter occur in pairs
    • The ureters opens into cloaca and helps in passing the urine and sperm

    Ovary

    • It is a paired structure found near the kidneys
    • Ovary covered by fold of peritoneum known as the mesovarium
    • They produce ova through the process of oogenesis
    • A mature female can produce between 2500 and 3000 eggs all at once

    Oviducts

    • They are paired and found on each side of the ovary
    • These ducts open separately into the cloaca

    Cloaca

    • Small chamber mediating to pass urine, faeces and ova to the outside.
    • The ureter and urinary bladder opens into the cloaca

    Copulation

    • Copulation takes place in water during breeding season
    • Male produce croaking sound with the help of vocal sacs
    • The croaking is a mating call for the female frogs
    • The male frog rides over the female frog and embraces it.
    • The male frog holds the female frog firmly by its forelimbs and nuptial pads
    • The couple remains in this condition for 2-3 days
    • At this stage orgasm female discharges a large number of eggs in water and same moment discharges its sperms over the eggs falling in water.
    • The two animals separate from each other on completion of this process

    Fertilization

    • The fertilisation is external, taking place in water
    • In the fertilisation sperm and ova fuse together to form zygote
    • The eggs hatch into tadpoles which later on undergo metamorphosis to develop into adults

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