Table of Contents
Factor Affecting Enzyme Activity Notes
In this article we will discuss about Factors affecting enzyme activity:- 1.Temperature 2.Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 3.Substrate Concentration 4.Water 5.Accumulation of End Products and 6.Inhibitors
1. Temperature
- Enzymes are sensitive to temperature
- Optimum temperature is 25′-40′
- Low temperature enzymes are inactivates
- High temperature enzymes are denatures
2. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)
- Different enzymes have different optimum pH
- Some enzyme prefer acidic pH for Optimum activity E.g. Pepsin (pH 1.2-1.8)
- Some enzyme prefer alkaline pH for Optimum activity E.g. Trypsin (pH 8.6-8.8)
- Some enzyme prefer Neutral pH for Optimum activity E.g. amylase (pH 6.8)
3. Substrate Concentration
- Increase in the substrate concentration increases the activity of the enzyme until all the active sites of the enzyme molecule are saturated with the substrate.
- After this saturation the rate of enzymatic reaction becomes steady.
- Then, the addition of the substrate will not have a positive effect on the velocity of reaction.
4. Water
- Enzyme activity is suppressed in the absence of water
- In dry seeds, the enzymes are almost inactive
5. Accumulation of End Products
- The end product accumulation retards the enzymatic activity
- The active sites of the enzymes become crowded with the products
- Thus, the substrate molecules will have comparatively lesser chances of combining with the active sites
6. Inhibitors
- Inhibitors in the reaction can inhibit enzymatic activity
- Inhibitors are of different types: i) Competitive inhibitors ii) Noncompetitive inhibitors and iii) Allosteric inhibitors
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