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Frog Circulatory System Short Notes

In this article we will discuss about the frog circulatory system

Frog Circulatory System

The distribution of the digested food and oxygen to various parts of the body through blood is called circulation
The frog circulatory system are responsible for circulation
The frog circulatory system consists of blood vascular system and lymphatic system.
Blood vascular system consists of blood, heart, and blood vessels

Blood

It is a liquid connective tissue containing fluid plasma and blood cells
Plasma composed of 90% water and 10% of organic and inorganic substances
Three type of blood cells are present in it
- RBC: RBC are oval or biconvex in shape and nucleated. It contains haemoglobin which carry the oxygen.
- WBC: This cell provide protection or immunity.
- Thrombocytes: This cell prevent loss of blood by forming thrombus or clots on the bleeding site.

Heart

The heart is muscular and triangular pumping organs
A thin, transparent, two-layered pericardium encloses the heart.
The frog consists of three chambered heart
Upper two chambers are called auricle and lower one chamber is called ventricle

Auricles

There are two auricles, left and right
The left auricle is smaller than the right
Sinus venosus opens into dorsal wall of the right auricle through the sinu auricular aperture
The common pulmonary vein opens into left auricle
Both auricles open into ventricles by a common large auriculo ventricular aperture

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Ventricle

The ventricle has thick muscular and spongy wall
The opening of ventricle into truncus anteriosus is guarded by three semilunar values, which prevent the back flow of blood from truncus arterious into ventricle
On contraction of the ventricle blood flow from the ventricle into truncus anteriosus
Truncus anteriosus divided into two trunks called ventral aorta
Each ventral aorta further divided into a carotid arch, systemic arch and a pulmocutaneous arch

The hearts of frog have two additional chambers: truncus arteriosus and sinus venosus.

Truncus arteriosus

Tube shaped structure that arises from the right side of the ventricle.
Anterior end of these structures, there is a division into two trunks called ventral aorta
The spiral valves in amphibians are present within the truncus arteriosus

Sinus venosus

Thin walled and triangular chamber
Three veins open into sinus venosus: right precaval, left precaval and post caval veins
Sinus venosus open in the right auricle
Impure blood from all body parts is poured into the sinus venosus
It further pours this impure blood into the right auricle

Blood vessels (arterial system)

Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Arterial system starts with truncus arteriosus
The truncus divides into left and right branches and each of these branches subdivide into three major vessels or aortic arches
1. Common carotid artery to head
2. Systemic artery to body and viscera
3. Pulmocutaneous artery to lung and skin

How Circulatory System Works In Frog?

Sinus venosus contracts, its impure blood is pumped into the right auricle through sinu auricular aperture
At the same time the left auricle receives blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.
Both auricles contract almost simultaneously driving blood into the ventricle through the auriculo ventricular aperture
Completely mixed blood in ventricle
The truncus which flows simultaneously through the three pairs of arches to all parts of the body

ALSO READ: Cockroach Morphology Short Notes | Free Biology Notes

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