Hardy & Weinberg Principle Note | Evolution Class 12 Notes

In this article we will discuss about Hardy & Weinberg Principle

• This law was proposed by Hardy & Weinberg in 1908
• Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. In absence of evolutionary influences
• When gene frequency remain constant generation and generation the population is called genetic equilibrium or hardy Weinberg equilibrium
• The population in genetic equilibrium, the rate of evolution is zero
• Evolution occur only when hardy Weinberg equilibrium is altered

Conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg population are:

• The population must be large.
• Mating must be random, with no selection for certain genotypes.
• There must be no emigration or immigration.
• There may be no mutations.
• There may be no incestuous mating.

Application of hardy and weinberg

• Hardy Weinberg law is represented by simple formula
• Formula 1: P+q=1
  • p= Frequency of dominant allele
  • q= Frequency of recessive allele
• This formula is used to find out the frequency of dominant allele and recessive allele in a population
• Formula 2: p2+2pq+q2=1
  • Frequency of dominant homozygous
  • Frequency of heterozygous
  • Frequency of recessive homozygous
• Frequency of heterozygous and homozygous in a population can be calculated by another Hardy Weinberg formula