Speciation and its types | Evolution Class 12 Notes

In this article we will discuss about Speciation and its types:- Divergent speciation
and Transformation speciation

• Formation of new species is called speciation
• New species are formed in Variety of ways
• Speciation are of two types
  1. Divergent speciation
  2. Transformation speciation

1. DIVERGENT SPECIATION

• New species are formed from an ancestor species
• Divergent speciations are of two types

i) Allopatric speciation

• Two populations of same species become isolated from each other due to geographic changes
• Evolution of allopatric population into separate species is called allopatric speciation
• It is speciation in different place

ii) Sympatric speciation

• Evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.
• It is speciation in same place

2. TRANSFORMATION SPECIATION

• Ancestor species changes into a new species
• Transformation speciation are of two types

i) Phyletic speciation

• Ancestor species changes into new species
• It is gradual changes

ii) Quantum speciation

• Suddenly major changes appears in ancestor species
• Ancestor immediately changed into new species
• No connective links are present in this type of speciation
• It is caused by major mutation